ls 명령어

현재 디렉토리의 내용을 출력할 때 사용한다.

-l : 긴목록 형식으로 표시

[root@localhost /]# ls -l 합계 62 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 6월 1 10:58 bin -> usr/bin dr-xr-xr-x. 6 root root 1024 6월 1 11:02 boot drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 6월 4 10:08 data drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 3240 6월 8 09:10 dev drwxr-xr-x. 77 root root 4096 6월 8 12:01 etc drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 4096 6월 8 09:15 home lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 6월 1 10:58 lib -> usr/lib lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 6월 1 10:58 lib64 -> usr/lib64 drwx------. 2 root root 16384 6월 1 10:58 lost+found drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4월 11 2018 media drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4월 11 2018 mnt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4월 11 2018 opt dr-xr-xr-x 136 root root 0 6월 8 09:10 proc dr-xr-x---. 3 root root 4096 6월 4 10:29 root drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 800 6월 8 12:01 run lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 6월 1 10:58 sbin -> usr/sbin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 4월 11 2018 srv dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 6월 8 14:29 sys drwxrwxrwt. 14 root root 4096 6월 8 12:01 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 6월 1 10:58 usr drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 6월 1 11:13 var [root@localhost /]#

-a : 전체목록표시

[root@localhost /]# ls -a . .. bin boot data dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@localhost /]#

ll : ls -l 대신 ll 으로 사용할수 있다.
alias (별명을 지정해 짧게 명령할수 있음) 라고 쳐보면 ll이 ls -l --color=auto로 설정되어 있는걸 알수 있다.

[root@localhost /]# alias alias cp='cp -i' alias egrep='egrep --color=auto' alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto' alias grep='grep --color=auto' alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto' alias ll='ls -l --color=auto' alias ls='ls --color=auto' alias mv='mv -i' alias rm='rm -i' alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde' [root@localhost /]#

ls --help 실해하면 무수히 많은 옵션이 있다.

[root@localhost /]# ls --help 사용법: ls [<옵션>]... [<파일>]... List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with . -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and .. --author with -l, print the author of each file -b, --escape print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~ -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information); with -l: show ctime and sort by name; otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first -C list entries by columns --color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'never', 'auto', or 'always' (the default); more info below -d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries --file-type likewise, except do not append '*' --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso -g like -l, but do not list owner --group-directories-first group directories before files; can be augmented with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping -G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names -h, --human-readable with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G) --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024 -H, --dereference-command-line follow symbolic links listed on the command line --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A) --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type), classify (-F) -i, --inode print the index number of each file -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN -k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage -l use a long listing format -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs -N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially) -o like -l, but do not list group information -p, --indicator-style=slash append / indicator to directories -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters --show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default, unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal) -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively -s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks -S sort by file size --sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S), time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X) --time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of default modification time: atime or access or use (-u) ctime or status (-c); also use specified time as sort key if --sort=time --time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale -t sort by modification time, newest first -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8 -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time; with -l: show access time and sort by name; otherwise: sort by access time -U do not sort; list entries in directory order -v natural sort of (version) numbers within text -w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value -x list entries by lines instead of by columns -X sort alphabetically by entry extension -1 list one file per line SELinux options: --lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lines will probably be too wide for most displays. -Z, --context Display security context so it fits on most displays. Displays only mode, user, group, security context and file name. --scontext Display only security context and file name. --help 이 도움말을 표시하고 끝냅니다 --version 버전 정보를 출력하고 끝냅니다 SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024). Units are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000). Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it. Exit status: 0 if OK, 1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory), 2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument). GNU coreutils online help: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/> Report ls translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/> For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'ls invocation'